A pacemaker insertion is the surgical placement of a small electronic device in the chest (just below the collarbone) to help regulate slow electrical problems in the heart. To ensure that the heartbeat does not slow to a dangerously low rate, a pacemaker may be recommended. The heart is essentially a pump composed of muscle tissue that is stimulated by electrical currents that typically follow a specific circuit within the heart. The sinus or sinoatrial (SA) node, a small mass of specialized tissue located in the right atrium (upper chamber) of the heart, starts the normal electrical circuit. The electrical impulse travels from the SA node to the atrioventricular (AV) node at the bottom of the right atrium via the atria. The impulse then travels down an electrical conduction pathway known as the Bundle of His and then into the ventricles (lower chambers) of the heart via the "His-Purkinje" system. When an electrical stimulus is applied, the muscle contracts and pumps blood to the rest of the body. The heart beats due to this process of electrical stimulation followed by muscle contraction.
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